Bibliography

Selected References for
Fast Facts for Critical Care
the 2016 Edition

by Kathleen M. White
www.kathywhite.com

General

  1. Guyton A, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology, Philadelphia: Elsevier, 13th edition, 2015.

  2. Lippincott’s Nursing Procedures. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015.

  3. AACN Procedure Manual for Critical Care. edit. Lynn-McHale Wiegand DJ. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2011.

  4. Manufacturer Prescribing Information for each critical care medication

  5. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, at Medicinescomplete.com, 2016.

  6. www.GlobalRPh.com, 2016.

  7. Chulay M, Burns S, AACN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing. McGraw-Hill, 2010.

Cardiovascular

  1. American Heart Association. Angina. Heart.org. May 2015

  2. American Heart Association. 2015 AHA CPR/ECC

  3. Amsterdam EA et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary SyndromesJ Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:2645-2687.

  4. Bates SM et al. Diagnosis of DVT. Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012;141(2supp):351-418.

  5. Fitch MT, Nicks BA, Pariyadath M, et al. Emergency Pericardiocentesis. NEJM, 2013; 366:e17, March 22, 2012.

  6. Bohula May EA, Bonaca MP, Jarolim P, et al. and The American Association for Clinicial Chemistry. Prognostic Performance of a High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Assay in Patients with Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Clinical Chemistry, 2014;60:1-7

  7. Bryan B. The rise and fall of the clot buster. Pharm J, July 2014, pharmaceutical-journal.com  accessed 2/18/2016

  8. Callaway CW, Donnino MW, Fink EL, et al. 2015 AHA Guidelines Update for CPR and ECC. Part 8: post–cardiac arrest care: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2015;132(suppl 2):S465–S482.

  9. Cronberg T, Lilja G, Horn J, et al. Neurologic function and health-related quality of life in patients following targeted temperature management at 33 C vs 36 C After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. JAMA Neurol, 2015;72(6):634-641.

  10. Cullen L, Mueller C, Parsonage WA, et al. Validation of high-sensitivity troponin I in a 2-Hour Diagnostic Strategy to Assess 30-day outcomes in ED Patients with possible acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(14):1242-1249

  11. Hallett JW. Aortic Dissection. Merck Manual Professional, Last full review/revision May 2014; Accessed 7/31/2015

  12. Hazinski MF, Shuster M, Donnino MW, et al. 2015 Handbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care for Healthcare Providers. American Heart Association, November 2015. 

  13. Link MS, Berkow LC, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR & Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 7: Adult ACLS. Circulation, 2015;132(suppl2):S444-S464

  14. Ishikawa K, Aoyama Y, Hirayama H. Management of drug-eluting stent restenosis. J Invasive Cardiol,2012;24(4):178-182.

  15. January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation.J Am Coll Cardiol. Dec 2014; 64(21): 2246-2280.

  16. Kalil A, Pinsky MR. Septic Shock. medscape.com Apr 17, 2015.

  17. Kim Han-Na and Januzzi JL. Clinician update on natriuretic peptide testing in heart failure. Circulation, 2011; 123(18):2015-2019

  18. Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: Executive Summary. Circulation, 2013;127:529-555.

  19. Mutschler M, Nienaber U, Munzberg M, et al.The Shock Index revisited – a fast guide to transfusion requirement? A retrospective analysis on 21,853 patients derived from the TraumaRegister DGU®. CriticalCare, 2013;17:R172

  20. O'Connor RE, Al Ali AS, Brady WJ, et al. Part 9: Acute Coronary Syndromes.  2015 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Circulation  2015;132(suppl 2):S483-S500.

  21. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. JACC, 61(4), Jan 2013.

  22. Poss J, Link A, Bohmi M.  Pharmacological treatment of acute heart failure. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics advance online publication 11 September 2013; doi: 10.1038/clpt.2013.136

  23. Powers WJ, Derdeyn CP, Biller J, et al. 2015 AHA and ASA focused update of the 2013 guidelines for the early management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment. A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. AHA journal.org. June 29, 2015

  24. Rohde S, Bosel  J, Hacke W, Bendszus M. Medscape Nurses Stent Retriever Technology. and J Neurointervent Surg, 2012;4(6):455-458. (accessed 12/1/2015)

  25. Rubini GM, Twerenbold R, Reichlin T, et al. Direct comparison of high-sensitivity-cardiac troponin I vs T for the early diagnosis of acute  myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J, 2014 Sept 7;35(34):2303-11. Strimel WJ. Pericardial Effusion. emedicine.medscape.com. 1/3/2016. accessed  2/5/2016.

  26. Thiele H, Ohman M, Desch S, et al. Management of Cardiogenic Shock. European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care June 2015 vol. 4 no. 3 278-297

  27. Thygesen K, Mair J, Giannitsis E, et al. How to use high-sensitivity cardiac troponins in acute cardiac care. European Heart J, June 2013; 33(18):2252-2257.

  28. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Expert consensus document. Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Circulation, 2013;126:2020-2035.

  29. Yancy CW, Jessup ML, et al.. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. Circulation, 2013;128:e240-e327.

  30. 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Jneid H, Anderson JL, Wright RS, et al. Circulation. 2012; 126: 875-910

  31. Merriweather N, Sulzbach-Hoke LM. Managing Risk of Complications at Femoral Vascular Access Sites in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. CCN October 2012 32:16-29

  32. Guyatt GH, et al. Executive Summary: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest, 2012;141(suppl 2): 7S-47S.

  33. Sedlacek MA, Newsome J. Recognizing vascular bleeding after cardiac catheterization. Nursing2011CritCare;6(5):7-12.

  34. Albert NM. Fluid management strategies in heart failure. CritCareNurs, April 2012;32(2):20-32.

  35. O’Brien K, Alexander E, Patel L. Efficacy and safety of pharmacological options for rate control in atrial fibrillation. AACN AdvCritCare, 2012;23(2):120-125.

  36. Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009;119;e241-e250

  37. Parham W, Edelstein K, Unger B, Mooney M.  Therapeutic hypothermia for acute myocardial infarction: Past, present, and future. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S234-S237.

  38. Polderman KH. Mechanisms of action, physiological effects, and complications of hypothermia. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S186-S202.

  39. Seder DB, Van der Kloot TE. Methods of cooling: practical aspects of therapeutic temperature management. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S211-S222.

  40. Sagalyn E, Band R, Gaieski DF, Abella BS. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest in clinical practice: review and compilation of recent experiences. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S223-S226.

Hemodynamics

  1. Cheung H, Dong O, Dong R, Yu B.  Correlation of non-invasive continuous cardiac output monitoring  (Cheetah Nicom) and thermodilution in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Anest, 2014 Nov 8, published ahead of print.

  2. Chirichella TJ, Dunham CM, Gruber BS, et al. Emergency Department non-invasive cardiac output is associated with trauma activation, patient injury severity, and host conditions. The East Assoc Surg of Trauma, 25th Annual Scientific Assembly, Jan 2012

  3. Dellinger RP, Mitchell ML, Rhodes A, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. CCM, 2013;41:580-637.

  4. Dunham CM, Chirichella TJ, Gruber BS, et al. Emergency department noninvasive Cheetah Nicom cardiac output are associated with trauma activation, patient injury severity, and host conditions and mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012, Aug (73(2):479-85.

  5. Jakovljevic DG, Nunan D, Donovan G. Comparison of cardiac output determined by bioimpedance and bioreactance methods of rest and during exercise. J Clin Monit Comput, 2012;26:63-68.

  6. Lavdaniti M. Invasive and non-invasive methods for cardiac output measurement. Intl J Caring Sciences, 2008;1(3):112-117.

  7. Marik, Paul E. 2012. Noninvasive Cardiac Ouput Monitors: A State-of the-art Review. Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. Feb 2013;27(1):121-134.

  8. Mark PE. The use of bioreactance and carotid Doppler to determine volume responsiveness and blood flow redistribution following passive leg raising in hemodynamically unstable patients. Chest, Feb 2013; 143(2):364-70.

  9. McGee WT, Headley JM, Frazier JA. Quick Guide to Cardiopulmonary Care. 3rd edition. Edward Labs;Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine CA. 2014

  10. Mutschler M, Nienaber U, Munzberg M, et al. The Shock Index revisited – a fast guide to transfusion requirement? A retrospective analysis on 21,853 patients derived from the TraumaRegister DGU®. CriticalCare, 2013;17(4):R172  

  11. Rich JD. Noninvasive cardiac output measurements in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir Juky 2013;42(1):125-133.

  12. uscom.com.au. Noninvasive cardiac output and stroke volume. www.uscom.com. Accessed Jan 2016.

  13. Waldron NH, Miller TE, Thacker JK, Manchester AK, et al. Cheetah Nicom vs EDM guided goal directed fluid therapy in the perioperative period.  Anesth Analg, May 2014;118(5):966-75.

  14. Wojcik JM. Hemodynamic monitoring: techniques & troubleshooting. Nursing.advanceweb.com, accessed June 2015.

  15. Brandt M. Cheetah Medical   The Use of CHEETAH NICOM (Totally Non-Invasive Hemodynamic and Cardiac Output Monitoring System) to Optimize Hemodynamic Resuscitation of the Septic Patient . Cheetah-medical.com, 1/14/2014. accessed 6/11/15

  16. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock:2012. Dellinger RP, Annane D, Levy MM, et al. Ruth M. Kleinpell,  info.aanponline.com/o88/2012/12_2_73.pdf

  17. Strickler J. Halt the downward spiral of traumatic hypovolemic shock. Nurs2012CritCare;7(2):42-48.

  18. Peterson KJ. Measuring central venous pressure with a triple-lumen catheter. CritCarNurs, June 2012;32(3):62-64.

  19. Guerriero C, Cairns J, Perel P, et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Administering Tranexamic Acid to Bleeding Trauma Patients Using Evidence from the CRASH-2 Trial. PLoS ONE 6(5): e18987. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018987 Published online May 3, 2011

  20. Jones AE et al. Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2010 Feb 24; 303:739.

  21. Marik PE, Monnet X, Tebout J-L. Hemodynamic parameter to guide fluid therapy. Annals of Intensive Care 2011, 1:1

  22. Gupta B, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth Wester Australia. Arterial Pressure Monitoring

  23. Marik PE, Levitov A, Young A, et al. The use of NICOM (Bioreactance) and Carotid Doppler to determine volume responsiveness and blood flow redistribution following passive leg raising in hemodynamically unstable patients. Chest. 2012. [Epub ahead of print]

  24. Duncan M. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery.  August 2012

  25. Benomar B, Ouattara A, Estagnasie P, et al. Fluid responsiveness predicted by noninvasive bioreactance-based passive leg raise test. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(11):1875-81

  26. Khan FX, Virdee MS, Hutchinson J, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy optimization using noninvasive cardiac output measurement. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 2011 Nov;34(11):1527-36.

  27. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for central venous access. Anesthesiology, March 2012;116:539-573.

  28. Tannehill D. Treating Severe Sepis & Septic Shock in 2012. J Blood Disord Transfus 2012,S4:1-6.

  29. Cheetah-medical.com. Clinical Applications. October 2012

  30. Cheetah-medical.com. Soltis L. Nurse-driven fluid optimization using non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring. October 2012.

  31. Rauen CA, Makic MB, Bridges E. Evidence-based practice habits: transforming research into bedside practice. Crit Care Nurs, 2009;29(2):46-60.

  32. Juarai R, Fellner B, Haoula D, et al. Early assessment of outcome in cardiogenic shock. CritCare Med, 2009;37(6): 1837-1844.

ACLS

  1. Hazinski MF, Shuster M, Donnino MW, et al. 2015 Handbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care for Healthcare Providers. American Heart Association, November 2015.

  2. Link MS, Berkow LC, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR & Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 7: Adult ACLS. Circulation, 2015;132(suppl2):S444-S464.

  3. Gessner P,  Target temperature within 3 hours. AACN AdvCritCare, 2012;23(3):245-257. 

  4. Kleinman ME, Brennan EE, Goldberger ZD, et al. Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2015;132:S397-S413.

  5. Cronberg T, Lilja G, Horn J, et al. Neurologic function and health-related quality of life in patients following targeted temperature management at 33 C vs 36 C After Out-of-Hospital Carediac Arrest. JAMA Neurol, 2015;72(6):634-641.

  6. Miguel-Montanes R, Hajage D, Messika J, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to prevent desaturation during tracheal intubation of intensive care patients with mild-to-moderate hypoxemia. CCM, March 2015;43(3):574-583.

  7. Nielsen N, Wetterslev J, Cronberg T, et al, for the TTM investigators. Targeted Temperature Management at 33°C versus 36°C after Cardiac Arrest. N NEJM, Dec 5, 2013;369:2197-2206.

  8. American Board of Anesthesia. Transcutaneous Pacing. www.open anesthesia.org. Jan 2016

  9. Nielsen N et al, for the TTM investigators. Targeted Temperature Management at 33°C versus 36°C after Cardiac Arrest. N NEJM, Dec 5, 2013;369:2197-2206)

  10. Callaway CW, Donnino MW, Fink EL, et al.Part 8: Post-Cardiac Care. 2015 AHA Guidelines Update for CPR and ECC. Circulation. 2015;132(suppl 2):S465-S482.

  11. January CR, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. JACC, 2014;64(21):2246-2280.

  12. Lane DA, Lip GYH. Use of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score to Aid Decision Making for Thromboprophylaxis in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. Circ, 2012;126:860-865. accessed 2/21/16.

  13. Powers WJ, Derdeyn C, Biller J, et al. 2015 AHA/ASA Focused update of the 2013 Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2015;46:3020-3035. 

  14. Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: summary. AHA/ASA. Stroke. 2013;44:870 - 947.

  15. Excellent Video: Stent Retriever: Burathoki S. Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke. youtube.com.

  16. Gessner P, Dugan G, Janusek L. Target temperature within 3 hours. AACN Adv Crit Care, 2012:23(3):246-257.

  17. Brethour MK. Controversies in acute stroke management. AdvCritCare, Apr-Jun2012,23(2):158-172.

  18. Eigsti JE. Teaming up to care for patients with acute neurologic injury. Nurs2011CritCare;6(1):41-48.

  19. Presciutti M, Bader MK, Hepburn M. Shivering Management During Therapeutic Temperature Modulation: Nurses’ Perspective. CCN, Feb 2012, 32(1): 33-42.

  20. Bucher L, Buruschkin R, Kenyon D, Stenton K, Treseder S. Improving outcomes with therapeutic hypothermia. Nurs2012 CritCare, Sept 2012,7(5):22-27.

  21. Dalley CB, Tola DH, Kesten KS. Providing Safe Passage - Rapid Sequence Intubation for Advanced Practice Nursing. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2011 Volume 23, Number 3, pp.270-283.

  22. Yamamoto LG. Emergency airway management- rapid sequence intubation. in Fleisher GR & Ludwig S. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Wolters Kluwer Health, 2010:74-77.

  23. McQuillan K. Inducing hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Nurs, Crit Care Nurse. 2009;29: 75-78

  24. Polderman KH, Herold I. Therapeutic hypothermia and controlled normothermia in the ICU: practical considerations, side effects, and cooling methods. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1101–1120.

  25. Polderman, Kees H. Mechanisms of action, physiological effects, and complications of hypothermia. Critical Care Medicine. 37(7):S186-S202, July 2009.

  26. Meurant F, Bodart A, Koch JP. Sedation or analgo-sedation in the ICU: A multimodiality approach. Yearbook of Inten Care and Emer Med, 2008;2008(XXI):850-862.

  27. SCCM Webcast. Hypothermia following cardiac arrest. 10/28/2010

  28. Yamamoto LG. Emergency Airway Management - Rapid Sequence Intubation. in Fleisher GR & Ludwig S. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Wolters Kluwer Health, 2010:74-77

Stat Meds & Med Facts

  1. Jacobi J, Bircher N, Krinsley J, et al. Guidelines for the use of an insulin infusion for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. CritCareMed, 2012;40(12):3251-3276. A literature and research review by the Society of Critical Care Medicine 

  2. Globalrph.com Valproate. Accessed Jan-May, 2016.

  3. Smithburger PL, Smith RB, Kane-Gill SL. Empey PE. Patient predictors of dexmedetomidine effectiveness for sedation in intensive care units. AJCC, March 2014,23(2):160-165.

  4. Smithburger PL, Campbell S, Kane-Gill SL. Alteplase treatment of acute pulmonary embolism in the intensive care unit. CritCareNurs, 2013;33(2):17-26.

  5. Lim W, Meade M, Lauzier F., et al. Failure of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis: risk factors in medical-surgical critically ill patients. CritCareMed, 2015;43:401-410.

  6. Alexander E, Susla GM. Update on the management and monitoring of deep analgesia and sedation in the intensive care unit. AACN Adv CritCare, 2013;24(2):101-107

  7. Rivosecchi RM, Smithburger PL, Svec S, et al. Nonpharmacological interventions to prevent delirium: an evidence-based systematic review. CritCareNurs, 2015;35(1):39-51.

  8. Kiberd M, Hall R. Does Haloperidol cause delirium? CritCareMed, 2015; 43(5):1143-44.

  9. Pisani MA, Araujo KL, Murphy TE. Association of cumulative dose of haloperidol with next-day delirium in older medical ICU patients. CritCareMed, 2015;43(5):996-1002

  10. Wilson J, Collins AS, Rowan BO. Residual neuromuscular blockade in critical care. Critical Care Nurse. 2012;32[3]:e1-e10.  accessed 3/7/15

  11. Mehta S, Burry L, Cook D, et al. Daily sedation interruption in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. JAMA, 2012 on line October 17, 2012.

  12. Berry E, Zecca H. Daily interruptions of sedation: a clinical approach to improve outcomes in critically ill patients.

  13. Collins AS, Wilson J, Rowan BO. Residual neuromuscular blockade in critical Care. CCN, June 2012;32(3):e1-e9.

  14. Allen J,  Alexander E. Prevention, Recognition, and Management of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2012, 23(1):5–11.

  15. Balas MC, Rice M, Chaperon C, et al., Management of Delirium in Critically Ill Older Adults. Crit Care Nurse August 2012 32:15-26.

  16. Rauen CA. Beyond The Bloody Mess: A Hematologic Assessment. Crit Care Nurse October 2012 32:42-47.

  17. Collins AS. Wilson J, Rowan BO. Residual Neuromuscular Blockade in Critical Care. CCN. June 2012;32(3): e1-10.

  18. Sawhney M. Epidural analgesia: What nurses need to know. Nursing2012,  Aug;42(8):36 - 41.

  19. Balas MC, Rice M, Chapteron C, et al. Management of delirium in critically ill older adults. CritCareNurs,Aug 2012;32(4):15-25.

  20. AACN Practice Alert: Delirium Assessment and Management. CCN, 2012;32(1): Feb 2012.

  21. Glass M,  Spitrey J. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Your Questions Answered. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2009;20(1):5–11.

  22. Pun BT, Boehm L. Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. AACN Adv CritCare, 2011;22(3):225-237.

  23. Jabre P et al. Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009

  24. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, at Medicinescomplete.com, 2011.

  25. Morrison HL. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute limb ischemia. Semin Intervent Radiolo. Sept 2006;23(3):258-269.

  26. www.pdr.net

  27. www.globalrph.com

  28. http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo

     

    ECG

  1. The McGill Physiology Virtual Lab: Cardiovascular Laboratory. ECG Basics. http://www.medicine.mcgill.ca/physio/vlab/cardio/ecgbasics.htm. accessed 2/5/16.

  2. en.ECGpedia.org. accessed 11/21/2015.

  3. Cantillon DJ, Atrial Fibrillation. Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuing Education, accessed 8/24/14.

  4. Dubin D. Rapid interpretation of ECG. Cover Publishing Co., 2000.

  5. Kligfield P, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, et al. AHA/ACC/HRS Scientific Statements. Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram. Circulation. 2007; 115: 1306-1324   Published online before print February 23, 2007

  6. Brownfield J, Herbert M. EKG Criteria for Fibrinolysis: What’s Up with the J Point? Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2008;9(1):40-42.

  7. Jaeger FJ. Cardiac Arrhythmias. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/cardiac-arrhythmias/ accessed 2/15/2016.

  8. Geiter HB. Understanding bundle-branch blocks. Nurs2010CritCare, 6-8.

  9. Barto D. Understanding wide-complex tachycardias. Nurs2012CritCare, 7(2):6-8.

  10. Kozik TM, Wung SF. Acquired long QT syndrome: frequency, onset, and risk factors in ICU patients. CritCareNurs,October 2012,32(5):32-40.

  11. Sangkachand P, Sarosario B, Marjorie Funk M. Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring: Nurses' Attitudes, Practices, and Quality of Patient Care. AJCC, May 2011;20(3):226-237.

  12. Nelson S, Leung J. QTc Prolongation in the Intensive Care Unit: A Review of Offending Agents. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2011; Volume 22, Number 4, pp.289–295.

  13. Fox L, Kirkendall C, Craney M, Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit. CriticalCareNurse, October 2010;30(5): 33-44.

  14. Jacobson C. CMC Certification Review: Arrhythmias and arrhythmia therapy. 2009, www.cardionursing.com.

  15. Collins ML. When and why to use continuous ST-segment monitoring. Nurs 2009 CritCare; 4(4):6-8.

  16. Rosenthal L, McManus DD. Atrial Fibrillation. medscape emedicine cardiology. emedhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151066, July 2009.

  17. Collins ML. When and why to use continuous ST-segment monitoring. Nurs2009 CritCare;4(4):6-8.

  18. Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009;119;e241-e250

  19. Jacobson C. Understanding atrioventricular blocks, Part I: first degree and second degree AV Blocks. AACN Adv CritCare,2008;19(4):478-484.

  20. Jacobson C. Understanding atrioventricular blocks, Part II: High-grade and third-degree AV blocks. AACN Adv CritCare,2008;20(1):112-116.

  21. Foran CK. Long QT syndrome: dangerous delay. Nurs2009CritCare;4(1):5-7.

  22. Femlee N. Bundle branch blocks. Nurs2008CritCare;3(6):5-7.

  23. Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, et al. Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement. Circulation,2004;110;2721-2746.

Pacing

  1. Geiter H. Understanding pacemaker rhythms Part 1. Nursing2011CritCare;6(4):27-34.

  2. Geiter H. Understanding pacemaker rhythms Part 2. Nursing2011CritCare;6(5):25-31.

  3. Scheibly K. Pacemaker timing and ECG interpretation. AACN AdvCritCare,2010;21(4):386-396.

  4. Curtis AB. Fundamentals of Cardiac Pacing. Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury MA: 2010

  5. Kusumoto FM, Goldschlager NF. Cardiac Pacing for the Clinician, Springer 2008

  6. Medtronic. Corp. Model 5388 Dual Chamber Temporary Pacemaker, 2009. www.medtronic,com.

  7. Moses HW, Mullin JC. Practical Guide to Cardiac Pacing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wiliams, 2007.

Respiratory

  1. Kearon C, Aki EA, Ornelas J, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease:CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report, Chest. 2016;149(2):315-352. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026

  2. Miguel-Montanes R, Hajage D, Messika J, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to prevent desaturation during tracheal intubation of intensive care patients with mild-to-moderate hypoxemia. CCM, March 2015;43(3):574-583.

  3. Thille AW, Boissier F, Ghezala HB, et al. Risk factors for and prediction by caregivers of extubation failure in ICU patients. CCM, 2015;43(3):613-620.

  4. Lee JM, Bae W, Lee YJ, Cho YJ. The efficacy and safety of prone positional ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of 11 Randomized controlled trials. CCM, 2104;42:1252-1262.

  5. Villar J, Fernandez RL, Ambros A, et al. A clinical classification of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome for predicting outcome and guiding medical therapy. CCM, Feb 2015;43(2):346-353.

  6. Grissom CK, Hirshberg EL, Dickerson JB, et al. Fluid management with a simplified conservative protocol for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. CCM, Feb 2015,43(2):288-295.

  7. Seeley EJ. Fluid therapy during acute respiratory distress syndrome: less is more, simplified. CCM, Feb 2015,43(2):477-478.

  8. Raoof S, Baumann MH. Ventilator-associated events: the new definition. AJCC, Jan2014;23(1):7-9.

  9. Smithburger PL, Campbell S, Kane-Gill SL. Acute pulmonary embolism in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Nurse. 2013;33(2):17-27.

  10. Stein PD, Beemath A, Matta F. Clinical characteristics of patients with acute pulmonary embolism: data from PIOPED II. Am J Med,  2007;120(10):871-879.

  11. Rock LF. Sedation and its association with posttraumatic stress disorder after intensive care. CritCareNurs,Feb 2014;34(1):30-39.

  12. Zaal IJ, Devlin JW, Peelen LM, Slooter AJC. A systematic review of risk factors for delirium in the ICU. CritCareMed, 2015;43:40-47.

  13. Brummel NE, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, et al. Delirium in the ICU and subsequent long-term disability among survivors of mechanical ventilation. CritCareMed, 2014;42:369-377.

  14. Riker RR, Fraser GL. The new practice guidelines for pain, agitation, and delirium. AJCC, March 2013;22(2):153-157.

  15. Balas MC, Vasilevskis EE, Olsen KM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of the awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring/management, and early exercise/mobility bundle. CritCareMed 2014;42:1024-1036.

  16. Clukey L, Weyant RA, Roberts M, Henderson A. Discovery of unexpected pain in intubated and sedated patients. AJCC, May 2014;23(5):216-220.

  17. Guyatt GH et al. Executive summary: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th 3d: ACCP evidence-based practice guidelines. Chest, Feb2012; 141(suppl 2)7S-47S.

  18. Weich EM, Bayer D. Simple interventions for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Nurs2012CritCare. 7(3):18-21.

  19. AACN Practice Alert. Prevention of Aspiration. CritCarNurs, June 2012;32(3):71-74.

  20. Lian JX. Using ABGs to optimize mechanical ventilation. NursCritCare,2012;7(2):30-35.

  21. Chlan L, Tracy MF, Grossbach I. Achieving quality patient-ventilator management: advancing evidence-based nursing. CritCarNur, Dec 2011;31(6):46-50.

  22. McGrath EE, Anderson PB, Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion: A Systematic Approach. AJCC. March 2011, Volume 20, No. 2 119-128

  23. Sedwick MB, Lance-Smith M, Reeder SJ, Nardi J. Using Evidence-Based Practice to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Crit Care Nurse August 2012 32:41-51

  24. Sole ML, Su X, Talbert S, Penoyer D, et al. Evaluation of an Intervention to Maintain Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure within Therapeutic Range. AJCC, March 2011 Vol 20(1):109-118.

  25. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2526-2533. doi:10.1001/JAMA.2012.5669.

  26. PulmCCM.org. ARDS Update. accessed 9/29/12

  27. Siegel MD, Parsons PE, Wilson KC. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. www.Uptodate.com, 2010.

  28. Jones MB. Basic interpretation of metabolic acidosis. Crit Care Nurse, 2010;30(5):63-68.

  29. Harmon EM, Pinsky MR. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. emedicine.medscape.com, Jan 3, 2011

  30. Arroliga AC, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz, et al. Use of sedatives, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1083–1088

  31. AACN Practice Alert. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Crit Care Nurse, 2008;28:83-85

  32. Murphy CV, Schramm GE, Doherty JA, et al. The Importance of Fluid Management in Acute Lung Injury Secondary to Septic Shock. Chest July 2009,136(1):102-109

Neuro

  1. Bautista C. Unresolved issues in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AACN Adv CritCare,2012,23(2):175-185.

  2. Connolly ES, Rabinstein AA, Carhuapoma JR, et al. AHA/ASA, Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke, 2012;43:

  3. Diringer MN, Bleck TP, Hemphill JC, et al. Critical care management of patients following aneursymal subarachnoid hemorrhage: recommendation from the neurocritical care society’s multidisciplinary consensus conference. Neuro Crit Care, 2011;15:211-240.

  4. Gupta G, Miller JP. Intracranial pressure monitoring. 5/8/13: www.medscape.com,(accessed 4/21/2015).

  5. Harris C. Neuromonitoring: indications and utility in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Nurse. 2014;34[3]:30-40.

  6. Mortazavi MM, Romeo AK, Deep A, et al. Hypertonic saline for treating raised intracranial pressure: literature review with meta-analysis. J Neurosurg, 2012;116(1):210-221.

  7. Rohde S,  Bosel J, Hacke W, et al. Stent Retriever Technology. J Neurointervent Surg, 2012;4(6):455-458.

  8. Thompson JG, Editor. AANN Clinical Practice Guideline. Care of the patient undergoing intracranial pressure monitoring/external ventricular drainage or lumbar drainage. 2011. aann.org, accessed Feb 2016. 

  9. Hills TE. Determining brain death: a review of evidence-based guidelines. Nurs2012CritCare,7(1):40-47.

  10. Ennis KM, Brophy GM, Management of Intracranial Hypertension: Focus on Pharmacologic Strategies. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2011;22(3):177-182

  11. Bhardwaj A, Mirski MA, Ulatowski JA. Handbook of Neurocritical Care. Springer, 2010.

  12. Brain Trauma Foundation. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, New York: 2007.

  13. Jichici D, Hemphill JC, Low brain tissue oxygen predicts poor outcome, but does it give insight to possible interventions? CCM,2009;37(6): 2134-2135

  14. Maloney-Wilensky E, Gracias V, Itkin A, et al. Brain tissue oxygen and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. CCM,2009;37(6):2057-2063.

  15. Stewart C, Haitsma I, Zadoe Z, et al. The new Licox combined brain tissue oxygen and brain temperature monitor.Neurosurg,2008;63(6):1159-1165.

  16. Wyatt A, Moreda M, Olson D. Understanding intracranial pressure. Nurs2008CritCare,4(5):19-23.

  17. Bederson JB, Connolly ES, Batjer HH, et al. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Stroke,2009;40:994-1025.

  18. Moreda MV, Wyatt AH, Olson DM. Understanding intracranial pressure monitoring. Nurs2009CritCare, Nov 2009;4(6):42-47.

  19. Arbour R, Waterhouse J, Seckel MA, Bucher L. Correlation between the Sedation-Agitation Scale and the Bispectral Index in ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, July/Aug 2009, 38(4):336-345.

  20. Oddo M, Carrera E, Claasen J, et al. Continuous electroencephalography in the medical intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine:June 2009;37(6): 2051-2056

  21. Hillis TE. Determining brain death. Nursing 2010:35-40.

  22. Wijdicks EF, Varelas PN, Gronseth GS, Greer DM, American Academy of Neurology. Evidence-based guideline update: determining brain death in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2010;74(23):1911–1918.

  23. Dincer HE. How should we deal with muscle weakness in critically ill patients? Crit Care Med, 2009; 37(9):2648-2649

     

Renal/Lytes/Endo

  1. Gosmanov AR, Gosmanova EO, Dillard-Cannon E. Management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014; 7: 255–264

  2. SCCM. Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Other Hyperglycemic Emergencies. SCCM CritConnect, Dec/Jan 2013;11(6):16-17.

  3. Kerr J, Moore M, Frank D, Gujral Rashmeet. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis and other hyperflycemic emergencies. SCCM Crit Connections, Dec/Jan 2013,11(6):16-17

  4. Suneja M, Batuman Vecihi. Hypocalcemia. Medscape.com, accessed 2/26/2015

  5. National Institutes of Health (lab norms)

  6. Kerr J, Moore M, Frank D, Gujral Rashmeet. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis and other hyperflycemic emergencies. SCCM Crit Connections, Dec/Jan 2013,11(6):16-17

  7. Suneja M, Batuman Vecihi. Hypocalcemia. Medscape.com, accessed 2/26/2015

  8. SCCM. Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Other Hyperglycemic Emergencies. SCCM CritConnect, Dec/Jan 2013;11(6):16-17.

  9. Crawford A, Harris H. Caring for patients with adrenal cortex disorders. NursCritCare2012;7(4):29-35.

  10. Khalaila R, Libersky E, Catz D, et al. Nurse-led implementation of a sate and effective intravenous insulin protocol. CritCareNurs, Dec 2011;31(6):27-34.

  11. Dirkes S. Acute Kidney Injury: Not Just Acute Renal Failure Anymore? CriticalCareNurse, Feb 2011; 31(1):37- 50.

  12. Gomez N. Nephrology Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice. Jannetti Publications: March 2011.

  13. Broden CC. Acute renal failure and mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Nurse. 2009;29: 62-75

  14. Cuhaci, B. Continuous renal replacement therapy circuit contamination. Crit Care Med, 2009;37(2):754-755.

  15. Cooper B. Diuresis in renal failure: Treat the patient, not the urine output. Crit Care Med, 2009;37(2):761-762.

  16. Kellum JA, Lameire N, et al. Kidney International Supplements, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). March 2012;2(1):1-141.

  17. Martin RK. Acute kidney injury. AACN Adv Crit Care, 2010;21(4):350-356.

  18. Novello NP, Schraga ED. Hypermagnesemia in Emergency Medicine. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/766604-overview#showall, July 12, 2012

  19. Springhouse. Fluids and Electrolytes. Feb 2005

  20. Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Magnesium. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/July 13, 2009

  21. 2010 AHA Guidelines of CPR and ECC. Part 12.6: Cardiac Arrest Associated with Life-Threatening Electrolyte Disturbances. Circulation, 2010;122:S829-S861

  22. Fulop T, Batuman V. Hypomagnesemia. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2038394-overview. 11/3/2011

  23. Kelso LA. Recognizing and preventing acute kidney injury. Nurs2012CritCare, March 2012;7(2):36-41.

  24. Merhaut S, Trupp RJ. Cardiorenal Dysfunction. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2010;21(4):357–366

  25. Boyle M, Baldwin I. Understanding the continuous renal replacement therapy circuit for acute renal failure support. AACN Adv CritCare,2010;21(4):367-375

  26. Merriweather N, Sulzbach-Hoke LM. Managing risk of complications at femoral vascular access sites in percutaneous coronary intervention. CritCareNurse, Oct 2012;32(5):16-29.

  27. Sarkar S. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. The Internet J Anesthesiology.

  28. Mariano F, Bergamo D, Gangemi EN, et al. Citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients: succes and limits. Intern J Nephrol, 2011

  29. Mowbray Keren, Continuous renal replacement therapy: an education package.http://intensivecare.hsnet.new.gov.au/five/doc/eduction_packages/nepean_CRRT_2009.pdf

  30. Weisberg LS. Management of severe hyperkalemia. Crit Care Med, 2008; 36:3246 –3251.

Blood/IV's/Lab

  1. Bohula May EA, Bonaca MP, Jarolim P, et al. and The American Association for Clinicial Chemistry. Prognostic Performance of a High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Assay in Patients with Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Clinical Chemistry, 2014;60:1-7

  2. Mortazavi M, Pomeo AK, Deep A, et al. J Neurosurg, 2012;116(1):210-221.

  3. Katz EA. Blood transfusion: friend or foe. Adv Crit Care, 2009;20(2):155-163.

  4. Katz EA. Blood transfusion: friend or foe. Adv Crit Care, 2009;20(2):155-163.

  5. Marik PE, Corwin H. Efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the critically ill. CCM,2008;36:2667-2674.

  6. Dubick MA. A treatment worth its salt? CCM,2008;36(6):1978-1979.

  7. Proctor K. Hypertonic resuscitation: is it all in the timing. CCM,2008;36(9):2692-2693.

  8. Elizabeth A. Katz, RN, MS, CCRN, ACNP Blood Transfusion: Friend or Foe. AACN Advanced Critical Care;20(2):.155–163

  9. Rauen CA. Blood transfusion in the ICU. Crit Care Nurs, June 2008;28(3):78-79.

  10. JAMA Instructions on Conventional Units vs Systeme International. JAMA, Jan 2000;283(1):134-135

Trauma

  1. Mutschler M, Nienaber U, Munzberg M, et al.The Shock Index revisited – a fast guide to transfusion requirement? A retrospective analysis on 21,853 patients derived from the TraumaRegister DGU®. CriticalCare, 2013;17:R172

  2. Blissitt PA. Controversies in the management of adults with severe traumatic brain injury. AACN AdvCritCare 2012,23(2):186-203.

  3. Lee RK. Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: a comprehensive overview. CCN,2012:32:19-31.

  4. Scheetz LJ. Life-Threatening Injuries in Older Adults. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 2011,22(2):128–139

  5. McQuillan KA, Makic MBF, Whalen E. Trauma Nursing. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2009

  6. Vidal MG, Weisser JR, Gonzalez F, et al. Incidence and clinical effects of intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med,2008; 36:1823–1831

  7. An G, West MA. Abdominal compartment syndrome: a concise clinical review. Crit Care Med, 2008; 36:1304–1310.

  8. Chang JJ, Youn TS, Benson D, et al. Physiologic and functional outcome correlates of brain tissue hypoxia in traumatic brain injury. CCM, 2009;37:283-290.

  9. Malbrain MLNG, Cheatham ML, Kirkpatrick A. Results of the international conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: I. definitions. Intensive Care Med, 2006;32(11):1722-1732.

  10. Widder S, Kirkpatrick A, Cresswell AB, et al for the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS) Clinical Trials Working Group. The impact of body position on intra-abdominal pressure measurement: A multicenter analysis Crit Care Med, 2009, 37(7):2187-2190, July 2009.

  11. Paralyzed Veterans of America: Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Early Acute Management in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: a Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care Providers, Washington DC, 2008. www.pva.org.

IABP

  1. Theologou T, Bashir M, Rengarajan A, et al. Preoperative intra aortic balloon pumps in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD004472.

  2. Estep JD et al. First reported experience with percutaneous placement of axillary-subclavian intra-aortic balloon pumps that permit ambulation for patients with advanced heart failure. HFSA 2010; Abstract 133.

  3. Onorati F, Santarpino G, Presta P, et al. Pulsatile perfusion with intra-aortic balloon pumping ameliorates whole body response to cardiopulmonary bypass in the elderly. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:902–911.

  4. Krishna M, Zacharowski K. Principles of intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. Cont Edu Anaesth Crit Care & Pain. 2009;9(1):24-28.

  5. Interpreting intra-aortic balloon pump waveforms. Critical Care Challenges. Nursing 2009;39(2):9-10. http://journals.lww.com/nursing/fulltext/2009/02001/interpreting_intra_aortic_balloon_pump_waveforms.4.aspx#

  6. Kloppenburg GTL, Sonker U, Schepens MAA.Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Related Thrombus in the Proximal Descending Thoracic Aorta with Peripheral Emboli. J Invasive Cardiol 2009;21:e110–e112

  7. Onorati F, Santarpino G, Presta P, et al. Pulsatile perfusion with intra-aortic balloon pumping ameliorates whole body response to cardiopulmonary bypass in the elderly. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:902–911.

Cardiac Surgery

  1. Bojar RM. Manual of Perioperative Care in Adult Cardiac Surgery. Oxford UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

  2. Batra AS and Balaji S. Postoperative temporary epicardial pacing: When, how and why? Ann Pedi Cardiology, 2008;1(2):120-125.

  3. Hardin SR and Kaplow R. Cardiac Surgery Essentials for Critical Care Nursing. Boston: Jones and Bartlett:2010.

  4. Bizzarri F, Mattia C, Ricci M, et all. Cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute mitral valve regurgitation. J CarThor Surg, 2008, 3:61.

  5. Cohn LH. Cardiac Surgery in the Adult. McGraw-Hill, 2008.

  6. Dunning J, Fabbri A, Kolh PH, et al. Guideline for resuscitation in cardiac arrest after cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009 Aug;36(2):427.

  7. Edwards JH and Huang DT. Using pump for bypass surgery: on-off-on again? Critical Care 2010, 14:319 http://ccforum.com/content/14/5/319.

  8. Ennker IC, Malkoc A, Pietrowski D, et al. The concept of negative pressure wound therapy after poststernotomy mediastinitis. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2009;4(1):5. http://www.springerlink.com/content/x548007v025502w2.

  9. Shroyer AL, Grover FL, Hattler B, et al. On-Pump versus Off-Pump Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1827-1837.

  10. McKay DR, Fawzy HF, McKay KM, et al. Are chest compressions safe for the patient reconstructed with sternal plates? J CardThor Surg, 2010,5:64.

  11. Mullen-Fortino M, O’Brien N, Jones M. Critical care of a patient after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Nurs2009CritCare, 2009:4(4):46-53.

  12. McClurken, JB. Minimizing Complications from Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires after Cardiac Surgery. Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority, March 2006;3(1).

Pediatric Acute Care

  1. Berg MD, Schexnayder SM, Chameides L, et al. 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science. Part 13: Pediatric Basic Life Support. Circulation. 2010;122:S862-S875.

  2. Yamamoto LG. Emergency Airway Management - Rapid Sequence Intubation. in Fleisher GR & Ludwig S. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Wolters Kluwer Health, 2010:74-77.

  3. Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM, et al. Part 14: pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010;122(suppl 3):S876–S908.

  4. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Drugs, Drugs for Pediatric Emergencies. Pediatrics,1998;101(1) and www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/101/1/e13.

  5. Hazinski MF. Nursing care of the critically ill child. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2011.

  6. Helfaer MA and Nichols DG. Rogers’ Handbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009.

  7. Barton P. Munoz R, Morell VO. Chrysostomou C. Dexmedetomidine as the primary sedative during invasive procedures in infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease. Pedi Crit Care Med, November 2008 9(6):612-615.

  8. Brierley J, Carcillo JA, Choong K, et al. Clinical practice parameter for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock: Update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med, 2009; 37:666–688

  9. Bayer H, Adelson D, Wisniewski SR, Therapeutic hypothermia preserves antioxidant defenses after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children. (Crit Care Med 2009; 37:689–695)

  10. Franke HA, Woods DM, Holl JL. High-alert medications in the pediatric intensive care unit Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: January 2009;10(1):5-90